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OBJECTIVE@#To delineate laboratory and clinical characteristics of a case with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and co-occurrence of t(9;22)(q34;q11) and t(8;21)(q22;q22).@*METHODS@#The patient was subjected to cytogenetic, molecular, morphological and immunophenotypic analyses.@*RESULTS@#Cytogenetic analysis revealed presence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) in addition to t(9;22)(q34;q11) in the patient. Chimeric BCR/ABL and AML1/ETO genes were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Transcripts of BCR/ABL210 and AML1/ETO fusion genes were detected by relative quantity PCR. Morphological study suggested that the patient was at the chronic phase of CML. No significant immunophenotypic abnormality was detected by flow cytometry.@*CONCLUSION@#Co-occurrence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) and t(9;22)(q34;q11) is rare in CML. Only 5 similar cases have been described previously. This case suggested that chromosomal alterations may precede morphological, flow cytometric and clinical changes and accelerate progression of the disease.
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Humans , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Genetics , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
In recent years, the single-cell sequencing sparked enormous explosion in medical research. At the 201759th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, many studies with single-cell sequencing were reported from the topics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), acute leukemia, mature lymphoma, myeloid proliferative neoplasm etc. The article reviews the progress of single-cell sequencing in hematological diseases according to some reports from 59th ASH Annual Meeting.
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Objective@#To investigate the incidence, molecular features and clinical significance of RNA splicing machinery genes mutation in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and related diseases.@*Methods@#Mutational analysis of splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) (K700E) , U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) (S34, Q157P) and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) (P95) in 118, de novo MDS and related diseases were separately performed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequence analysis.@*Results@#Of 118 MDS patients, 76 males and 42 females, the median age was 53.5 (13-84) years old. 19.49% (23/118) had SF3B1 (K700E) mutation. As compared with those with wild type SF3B1, patients with SF3B1 K700E were of older[58 (32-78) years vs 51 (13-84) years, z=-1.981, P=0.048], lower HGB level[63 (40-95) g/L vs 77 (34-144) g/L, z=-3.192, P=0.001], higher platelet counts[121 (22-888) ×109/L vs 59 (6-1 561) ×109/L, z=-3.305, P=0.001], lower bone marrow blast cell counts[0.007 (0-0.122) vs 0.017 (0-0.268) , z=-2.885, P=0.004], higher ring sideroblasts percent [0 (0-64%) vs 0 (0-58%) , z=-4.664, P<0.001]. Of 105 MDS patients, 21.9% had U2AF1 (S34, Q157P) mutations. Of 107 MDS patients, 8 patients (7.48%) had SRSF2 (P95) mutations. Patients with SRSF2 mutations were older at diagnosis, the median age was 63 (50-84) years old, including 4 cases RAEB-1. The ratio of mutation was 14.29% (4/28) , and three patients transformed to AML. SF3B1 K700E and SRSF2 P95H mutations coexisted in 1 patient, and SF3B1 K700E and U2AF1 S34Y mutations were found concomitantly in 2 patients.@*Conclusion@#Only SF3B1 gene mutation was closely related to ring sideroblasts, it was the key to pathogenesis of MDS.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate the long-term outcomes and the prognostic factors of homoharringtonine, cytarabine, daunorubicin or idarubicin (HAD/HAI) as induction chemotherapy in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CR rate, overall survival (OS) rate, relapse free survival (RFS) rate were retrospectively assayed in 143 de novo AML patients who received the HAD/HAI induction chemotherapy. The outcomes were compared among prognostic groups according to world health organization (WHO) classification, genetic prognosis and initial white blood cell (WBC) count. The role of consolidation chemotherapy consisting of middle-dosage Ara-C (MD-Ara-C) on long term survival was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 143 patients, 112 (78.3%) achieved CR after the first course of HAD/HAI induction treatment, and early death occurred in only one case. Notably, the CR rate of patients with an initial WBC count ≥100×10(9)/L was not significantly different from those with an initial WBC count<100× 10(9)/L (70.4% vs 80.2%, P=0.266). The CR rate for the patients with favorable, intermediate and unfavorable integrated genetics risk factors was 93.7%, 71.4% and 61.3%, respectively, the difference between groups was statistically significant (P=0.001). Patients with FLT3-ITD mutation obtained similar CR rate (70.6%) to that of patients with FLT3 wild type (79.3%, P=0.528).The estimated 5-year OS rate and 5-year RFS rate for all patients was 40.0% and 37.0%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 24 (range 1-104) months. The median survival time was 30 [95%CI (12, 48)] months. 5-year OS and 5-year RFS of the 96 patients who achieved CR after first course chemotherapy without undergoing allo-HSCT in complete remission was 47.0% and 38.0%, respectively. 5-year OS was significantly higher in MD-Ara-C consolidation group than in no MD-Ara-C consolidation group among CR patients without allo-HSCT (58.0%, 19.0%, respectively, P=0.004). In patients who obtained CR after first course and received MD-Ara-C consolidation without allo-HSCT, the 5-year OS of patients with hyperleukocytosis was not significantly lower than that of patients without hyperleukocytosis (55.5%, 58.8%, respectively,P=0.419). FLT3-ITD mutation patients showed similar 5-year OS to that of wild type FLT3 patients (51.4%, 60.2%, respectively, P=0.482). And furthermore, 5-year OS of favorable, intermediate and unfavorable integrated genetics groups were 59.1%, 62.5%, 51.9%, respectively (P=0.332) in this subgroup.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HAD/HAI induction chemotherapy with sequential consolidation of MD-Ara-C could obtain satisfactory CR rate and long-term survival rate in de novo AML, especially for patients with hyperleukocytosis or FLT3-ITD mutation. It yet remains to be verified by large sample, prospective studies.</p>